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Same-sex marriage in Vermont
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Vermont since September 1, 2009. Vermont was the first state to introduce civil unions in July 2000, and the first state to introduce same-sex marriage by enacting a statute without being required to do so by a court decision. Same-sex marriage became legal earlier as the result of ''court decisions'', not legislation, in four states: Massachusetts, California, Connecticut, and Iowa.
==Background==
Either by legislation or court decisions, Vermont was a leader among U.S. jurisdictions in protecting the rights of gays and lesbians in the 1990s. In 1990, it was one of the first states to enact hate crimes legislation that included sexual orientation.〔Mary Bernsten, "The Contradictions of Gay Ethnicity: Forging Identity in Vermont," in David S. Meyer, et al., eds, ''Social Movements: Identity, Culture, and the State'' (Oxford University Press, 2002), 96-7, (available online ), accessed July 12, 2013〕 In 1992, it added ''sexual orientation'' to its anti-discrimination statute. In 1993, the Vermont Supreme Court in a unanimous ruling established second-parent adoption rights allowing someone in a same-sex relationship to adopt his or her partner's biological children. When the legislature reformed the state's adoption statute in 1995, it made same-sex couples eligible to adopt.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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